Writing on systems design, constraints, and developer experience.

Observations on how systems coordinate, why constraints shape behavior, and what makes APIs feel right.

How to Tell Whether Source Code Was Copied

Resemblance is the weakest place a copying case can start. What separates real copying from coincidence—and how generative AI changes the analysis.

Accounting for Agents

Most accounting software was designed before AI could do the bookkeeping. That assumption is now a bug.

Designing APIs for the Pit of Success

A case study in how a programming language's type system can guide developers toward correct usage, and why that matters for security libraries.

Constraints as Design

The design philosophy behind acton-reactive: how intentional API constraints eliminate entire error classes at compile time.